Researchers at the Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati have developed a simple, low-cost system that simulates soil conditions. This new technology allows precise control over nutrient delivery, helping plants grow better and absorb more nitrogen, which can increase crop yields.
By mimicking the complex environment of soil, the microfluidic system allows scientists to closely examine how a plant’s primary root, essential for nutrient absorption, responds to different conditions. The team focused on the high-yielding mustard variety, Pusa Jai Kisan, to study the impact of varying nutrient flow rates on root development and nitrogen uptake during the crucial post-germination phase.
Their findings revealed a direct correlation between increased nutrient flow and enhanced root length and nitrogen uptake, up to a certain point. Beyond this optimal rate, excessive flow negatively impacted root growth. Importantly, the study demonstrated that roots exposed to controlled flow conditions consistently outperformed those in stagnant environments due to improved nitrogen absorption.
This research underscores the critical role of nutrient flow in shaping root morphology and promoting plant growth. The potential applications of this microfluidic technology extend beyond the laboratory, to revolutionize crop management practices by optimizing nutrient delivery and maximizing root development in real-world farming scenarios.
“Our study provides new insights into plant root dynamics through the use of microfluidic devices. We validated our setup’s design and findings by simulating nutrient flow, measuring nitrogen uptake, and analyzing the effects of nutrient uptake and fluid pressure on root cells. This research enhances our understanding of how mechanical stimuli and nutrient uptake interact, with practical implications for agriculture.”
Microfluidics, the study of fluid flow in tiny structures, has transformed cell research by allowing precise control of fluids. Most current microdevices focus on root-bacteria interactions, hormonal signaling, and pollen tube growth, with little research on real-time plant root dynamics. The effects of nutrient flow and mechanical stress on root growth and plant response have not been well explored.
Looking ahead, the research team aims to delve deeper into the molecular mechanisms underlying flow-induced changes in root growth. The findings of the study will help in developing more resilient hydroponic systems and advancing soil-less cultivation techniques.
The research was supported by the Science and Engineering Research Board (SERB/ANRF), Government of India.
