From March 24 to 28, Rome is hosting the Twentieth Regular Session of the Commission on Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture (CGRFA20), a gathering dedicated to assessing and advancing efforts to conserve biodiversity essential for agrofood systems. A key highlight of this session is the launch of two significant reports that offer a detailed overview of the current state of plant and forest genetic resources worldwide.
The Third Report on the State of the World’s Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture, set for release on March 25, provides insights into the conservation and management of plant diversity critical for food production. Two days later, on March 27, the Second Report on the State of the World’s Forest Genetic Resources will be unveiled, focusing on the genetic diversity of tree species and their role in environmental stability and sustainable forestry.
Declining Biodiversity Amid Conservation Efforts Discussion at CGRFA20
The findings in both reports underscore a paradox: while conservation initiatives have made progress, the overall trend in genetic diversity remains alarming. According to the assessment on plant genetic resources, approximately 42 percent of the surveyed plant taxa, including many wild food plants and crop wild relatives, are no longer found in certain regions where they once thrived. This reduction in genetic diversity poses a serious risk to global food security and agricultural resilience, particularly in the face of climate change and emerging pests.
Similarly, the state of forest genetic resources highlights concerns over the loss of tree species due to deforestation, habitat destruction, forest degradation, and threats such as pests, diseases, and invasive species. These challenges are compounded by the increasing frequency of wildfires and climate-related stressors, which further endanger the genetic diversity necessary for the long-term sustainability of forest ecosystems.
Urgency for Action in Genetic Resource Conservation
In his forewords to both reports, FAO Director-General QU Dongyu emphasizes at CGRFA20 the necessity of prioritizing the conservation and sustainable management of genetic resources. He stresses that preserving plant genetic diversity is essential for ensuring a stable and resilient food system, while investments in forest genetic resources are crucial for maintaining forest health and adapting to climate change. These efforts, he argues, will not only support agricultural productivity but also contribute to broader environmental sustainability and human well-being.
During the five-day session, the Commission will engage in discussions on strategies to promote the conservation and sustainable use of various genetic resources, including plants, animals, forests, aquatic species, microorganisms, and invertebrates. The agenda includes reviewing the implementation of global plans of action and addressing cross-cutting issues such as genetic resource accessibility, benefit-sharing, and the role of digital sequence information in biodiversity conservation.
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Key Side Events and Discussions at CGRFA20
A range of side events will complement the main discussions at CGRFA20, providing deeper insights into specific challenges and solutions in genetic resource management. One notable event, scheduled for March 25, will focus on overcoming barriers to biodiversity conservation and sustainable use within agrifood systems. Participants will explore strategies for implementing the Framework for Action on Biodiversity for Food and Agriculture, endorsed by the Commission in 2021.
Another session will delve into the development of national action plans for genetic resources. Norway’s approach will be highlighted, including a cross-sector collaboration on preserving crop wild relatives and a unique initiative to conserve kveik, a traditional Norwegian yeast strain with historical significance.
The role of Indigenous Peoples in safeguarding genetic diversity will also be a central theme. A dedicated discussion will recognize Indigenous food and knowledge systems as vital elements in biodiversity conservation. Insights from these traditional practices will be examined in relation to global food security policies, including FAO’s ongoing work with the Committee on World Food Security.
Strengthening Global Commitment to Biodiversity Conservation
As the session unfolds at CGRFA20, the Commission on Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture will have an opportunity to reinforce international efforts to protect biodiversity essential for sustainable food systems. The reports and discussions serve as a reminder that while progress has been made, significant challenges remain. Addressing these issues will require concerted action from governments, researchers, and agricultural stakeholders to ensure that genetic resources continue to support food security, ecosystem health, and sustainable development for future generations.
